紐約時報
2.完整新聞標題:
Senate Votes to Require Women to Register for the Draft
3.完整新聞內文:
國會通過女性18會時須登記在戰時會被徵招當兵。
上一次真正徵招時是越戰那次。
1月2018之後，18歲女性必須登記徵兵，要不然會有一些社會福利不能擁有。
1981美國大法官說女性不須徵兵，不過在隨著五角大廈開始開放女性參與戰鬥工作後，國會決定該開放徵兵了。
馬侃(之前有選總統)表示贊成，克魯茲(輸給川普的廢物)反對。
基本上民主共和兩黨都贊成，但是共和黨內最保守的一派是反對的。
似乎還有一些程序要走，白宮方面跟國會方面還有機會對此法案討論的樣子。
WASHINGTON — In the latest and perhaps decisive battle over the role of
women in the military, Congress is embroiled in an increasingly intense
debate over whether they should have to register for the draft when they turn
18.
On Tuesday, the Senate approved an expansive military policy bill that would
for the first time require young women to register for the draft. The shift,
while fiercely opposed by some conservative lawmakers and interest groups,
had surprisingly broad support among Republican leaders and women in both
parties.
The United States has not used the draft since 1973 during the Vietnam War.
But the impact of such a shift, reflecting the evolving role of women in the
armed services, would likely be profound.
Under the Senate bill passed on Tuesday, women turning 18 on or after Jan. 1,
2018, would be forced to register for Selective Service, as men must do now.
Failure to register could result in the loss of various forms of federal aid,
including Pell grants, a penalty that men already face. Because the policy
would not apply to women who turned 18 before 2018, it would not affect
current aid arrangements.
“The fact is,” said Senator John McCain, Republican of Arizona and the
chairman of the Armed Services Committee, “every single leader in this
country, both men and women, members of the military leadership, believe that
it’s fair since we opened up all aspects of the military to women that they
would also be registering for Selective Services.”
The Supreme Court ruled in 1981 that women did not have to register for the
draft, noting that they should not face the same requirements as men because
they did not participate on the front lines of combat. But since Defense
Secretary Ashton B. Carter said in December that the Pentagon would open all
combat jobs to women, military officials have told Congress that women should
also sign up for the draft.
“It’s my personal view,” Gen. Robert B. Neller, the commandant of the
Marine Corps, told the Senate Armed Services Committee in February, that with
the complete lifting of the ban on women in combat roles, “every American who
’s physically qualified should register for the draft.”
While most Republican senators — including Mitch McConnell of Kentucky, the
majority leader, and the women on the Armed Services Committee — agree with
the move, it has come under fierce attack from some of Congress’s most
conservative members.
“The idea that we should forcibly conscript young girls in combat to my mind
makes little sense at all,” Senator Ted Cruz, Republican of Texas and the
father of two young daughters, said on the Senate floor last week.
After voting against the bill on Tuesday, Mr. Cruz said in a prepared
statement: “I could not in good conscience vote to draft our daughters into
the military, sending them off to war and forcing them into combat.”
The debate will now pit the Senate against the House, where the policy change
has support but was not included in that chamber’s version of the bill.
In April, Representative Duncan Hunter, Republican of California, offered a
provision related to women and the draft for the House version of the defense
policy bill to highlight the issue, even though he opposes the idea — then
voted against his own amendment. It passed with bipartisan support but was
stripped from the final bill in a procedural move.
“If he didn’t do this in the committee and spur the national debate, who
was going to do it?” Joe Kasper, Mr. Hunter’s chief of staff, said. “So,
mission accomplished.”
Senator Mike Lee, Republican of Utah, made a mild attempt to strip the
language from the Senate bill on the floor after the Armed Services Committee
overwhelmingly rejected a similar effort, but his amendment never received a
vote.
The two bills will now be reconciled in a conference committee between the
House and the Senate, where a contentious debate is expected.
“It may well be a topic of great controversy,” said Senator Richard
Blumenthal, Democrat of Connecticut, who serves on the Armed Services
Committee. “But it should not be.”
Military experts say that even if the efforts to compel women to enlist fails
in Congress, the issue is not going away.
“I think the change is inevitable,” said Nora Bensahel, a military policy
analyst at American University’s School of International Service, “whether
in this debate or through the courts. It just seems that now that you have
women allowed to serve in any position in the military, there is no logical
basis to say women should not be drafted.”
Conservative groups, which threatened to target senators who voted for the
policy bill, reacted with anger on Tuesday to the bill’s passage. “Allowing
our daughters to be forced into combat if there is a draft is a clear example
of Washington placing more value on liberal social engineering than military
objectives and preparedness,” one such group, Heritage Action for America,
said in a news release.
But supporters of the policy change say opponents are oversimplifying the
issue. “What people don’t seem to understand is just because there is
conscription, that does not mean that all women would serve in the infantry,”
Senator Deb Fischer, Republican of Nebraska, said. “There are many ways to
serve our country in the event of a national emergency.”
The Senate is expected to hold its ground as conservative members defend the
status quo. Mr. McCain, whose family has a long and storied history in the
military and whose daughter-in-law is a captain in the Air Force Reserve,
said to Mr. Cruz on the Senate floor: “I respect the senator from Texas’s
view. Too bad that view is not shared by our military leadership, the ones
who have had the experience in combat with women.”
4.完整新聞連結 (或短網址):
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/15/us/politics/congress-women-military-draft.html
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